MCQs on Educational Methodology -2

 

Educational Methodology

26. A portfolio in education is:
A) A folder of certificates
B) A student’s cumulative record of learning and achievements
C) A timetable
D) A resume
Answer: B) A student’s cumulative record of learning and achievements
Explanation: Portfolios showcase progress, reflections, and assessment evidence.

27. Who introduced Programmed Instruction?
A) B.F. Skinner
B) Jean Piaget
C) Robert Gagne
D) Carl Rogers
Answer: A) B.F. Skinner
Explanation: Skinner applied behaviorist principles to design self-paced, step-by-step learning.

28. Action Research is conducted to:
Answer: Solve immediate problems in teaching practice
Explanation: It is carried out by teachers to improve their own classroom practices.

29. Which among the following is a criterion-referenced test?
A) NEET
B) PG TRB
C) Internal school exam based on learning outcomes
D) UPSC
Answer: C) Internal school exam based on learning outcomes
Explanation: Criterion-referenced tests measure student performance against fixed learning standards.

30. What does inclusive education promote?
Answer: Education for all children regardless of physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic or other conditions
Explanation: It ensures every child learns together with equal opportunities and support.

31. In education, the term "scaffolding" refers to:
A) Building classrooms
B) Supporting students temporarily until they can work independently
C) Repeating tasks
D) Giving punishments
Answer: B) Supporting students temporarily until they can work independently
Explanation: It’s a teaching strategy based on Vygotsky’s theory to bridge learning gaps.

32. The method that uses real-life situations to develop problem-solving skills is:
A) Memorization method
B) Problem-based learning
C) Demonstration method
D) Drill method
Answer: B) Problem-based learning
Explanation: Learners explore real-world problems, think critically, and develop solutions.

33. The best teaching method for developing scientific attitude is:
A) Lecture method
B) Dictation method
C) Laboratory method
D) Textbook method
Answer: C) Laboratory method
Explanation: Hands-on experiments promote observation, inquiry, and logical thinking.

34. Which teaching technique is most suitable for developing values among students?
A) Quiz
B) Value clarification method
C) Chart reading
D) Role memorization
Answer: B) Value clarification method
Explanation: It helps learners reflect, clarify, and internalize personal and social values.

35. Cognitive domain in Bloom’s taxonomy refers to:
A) Emotional growth
B) Attitude development
C) Knowledge and intellectual skills
D) Physical coordination
Answer: C) Knowledge and intellectual skills
Explanation: It includes remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.

36. Which one of the following is not a principle of learning?
A) Readiness
B) Exercise
C) Disuse
D) Effect
Answer: C) Disuse
Explanation: Disuse is related to forgetting, not to learning principles. Readiness, Exercise, and Effect are from Thorndike’s laws.

37. Curriculum evaluation helps in:
A) Selecting students
B) Controlling students
C) Improving curriculum content and methodology
D) Promoting teachers
Answer: C) Improving curriculum content and methodology
Explanation: It identifies curriculum effectiveness and suggests needed revisions.

38. The “Child-Centered Education” concept was emphasized by:
A) Herbert Spencer
B) John Dewey
C) Plato
D) Aristotle
Answer: B) John Dewey
Explanation: Dewey focused on learning by doing and experience-based education.

39. The best technique for teaching higher-order thinking skills is:
A) Copying notes
B) Drill method
C) Project work
D) Lecture method
Answer: C) Project work
Explanation: Projects promote creativity, problem-solving, and independent thinking.

40. The demonstration method is especially effective when:
Answer: Students need to observe a process or experiment before practicing it
Explanation: It shows how a task is done before learners try it themselves, ensuring better understanding.

41. The term pedagogy refers to:
A) Managing schools
B) Art and science of teaching
C) Curriculum design
D) Writing textbooks
Answer: B) Art and science of teaching
Explanation: Pedagogy is the method and practice of teaching, especially for children.

42. Which instructional method focuses on student cooperation and team learning?
A) Lecture method
B) Group discussion
C) Cooperative learning
D) Programmed instruction
Answer: C) Cooperative learning
Explanation: Students work in groups to support each other’s learning and share responsibility.

43. The main aim of education according to Mahatma Gandhi was:
A) Literacy only
B) Book knowledge
C) All-round development through work
D) Preparing for jobs
Answer: C) All-round development through work
Explanation: Gandhi’s Basic Education emphasized manual work, moral values, and holistic growth.

44. Skinner’s theory of Operant Conditioning highlights:
A) Trial and error learning
B) Reinforcement and behavior shaping
C) Insightful learning
D) Stimulus generalization
Answer: B) Reinforcement and behavior shaping
Explanation: Skinner showed that behaviors followed by positive reinforcement are more likely to recur.

45. Summative assessment is best used for:
A) Planning lessons
B) Giving feedback during learning
C) Certifying students' learning outcomes
D) Diagnosing learning difficulties
Answer: C) Certifying students' learning outcomes
Explanation: It occurs at the end of instruction to evaluate achievement.

46. Which method is best to develop communication skills in students?
A) Reading textbooks silently
B) Listening to lectures
C) Role play
D) Dictation
Answer: C) Role play
Explanation: It involves speaking, listening, and interacting in real-life scenarios.

47. Which education type is informal in nature?
A) Online course
B) College education
C) Learning from family and surroundings
D) Vocational training
Answer: C) Learning from family and surroundings
Explanation: Informal education occurs naturally through life experiences without structured curriculum.

48. The Herbartian steps in lesson planning include:
A) Preparation, Presentation, Comparison, Generalization, Application
B) Introduction, Practice, Test, Feedback
C) Aim, Activity, Conclusion
D) Plan, Implement, Review
Answer: A) Preparation, Presentation, Comparison, Generalization, Application
Explanation: Herbartian steps provide a structured approach to lesson delivery.

49. Reflective teaching refers to:
A) Teaching by repetition
B) Teaching using mirrors
C) Analyzing one’s own teaching for improvement
D) Giving reflection exercises to students
Answer: C) Analyzing one’s own teaching for improvement
Explanation: Teachers examine what worked and what didn’t to improve future teaching.

50. The most suitable method to teach abstract concepts is:
A) Lecture
B) Inductive method
C) Project method
D) Dictation
Answer: B) Inductive method
Explanation: It starts with specific examples and moves towards general rules, helping students grasp abstract ideas better.